LessonsPractice 4: Advanced Balāghah: Integrated Exercises and Subtle Problems of InterpretationQuiz

رَأَيْتُ أَسَدًا يَتَكَلَّمُ؛ وَأَطْعَمْتُ فَمًا جَائِعًا.
I saw a lion speaking, and I fed a hungry mouth.

In an ordinary human setting “lion” may stand for a brave person through likeness; “a hungry mouth” may stand for a needy person by part–whole association. These transfers operate through different relations.

ExpressionLikely relation
A speaking lionResemblance; possible metaphor
A hungry mouthPart–whole; possible metonymy

In a fable about an actual talking lion, the first analysis would need reconsideration.

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Practice 4: Advanced Balāghah: Integrated Exercises and Subtle Problems of Interpretation

رَأَيْتُ أَسَدًا يَتَكَلَّمُ؛ وَأَطْعَمْتُ فَمًا جَائِعًا.
I saw a lion speaking, and I fed a hungry mouth.

In an ordinary human setting “lion” may stand for a brave person through likeness; “a hungry mouth” may stand for a needy person by part–whole association. These transfers operate through different relations.

ExpressionLikely relation
A speaking lionResemblance; possible metaphor
A hungry mouthPart–whole; possible metonymy

In a fable about an actual talking lion, the first analysis would need reconsideration.