LessonsPractice 5: Advanced Applied Balāghah in Selected Qur’anic PassagesQuiz

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.

Al-Fātiḥah 1:2 refers to Allah through third-person naming and description, while 1:5 uses direct second-person address. This evident shift of address is discussed under iltifāt, a change in grammatical perspective.

A plausible rhetorical function is that praise develops into intimate declaration and petition. Describing only the pronoun switch is incomplete, yet inferring one precise emotional state in every recitation would exceed the evidence.

Opening interactive controls...

From third-person reference to direct address

Practice 5: Advanced Applied Balāghah in Selected Qur’anic Passages

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.

Al-Fātiḥah 1:2 refers to Allah through third-person naming and description, while 1:5 uses direct second-person address. This evident shift of address is discussed under iltifāt, a change in grammatical perspective.

A plausible rhetorical function is that praise develops into intimate declaration and petition. Describing only the pronoun switch is incomplete, yet inferring one precise emotional state in every recitation would exceed the evidence.