اجْتَنِبُوا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ الظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ
Avoid much suspicion, for some suspicion is sinful.
Verse 49:12 begins with avoidance of much suspicion, then prohibits spying and backbiting. These can be understood as harmful internal judgment, intrusive pursuit and harmful speech.
Baʿḍa al-ẓann is a crucial qualifier: the text does not classify every judgment or prudent verification as equally sinful. The sequence illustrates related harms, not an inevitable timeline for every case.