Ḥalūbah denotes an animal that gives milk, here a she-camel; the numeral specifies the number, and the noun the counted kind.
Khāfiyah denotes a concealed/inner part of a wing feather. Al-ghurāb al-asḥam points to an exceptionally black raven.
The sentence communicates two levels:
1. The animals are black: the basic quality.
2. Their blackness is as deep as a particular dark feather: the degree.
Removing the second level would remove the comparison's distinctive precision.