مَا فِي الدَّارِ إِلَّا زَيْدٌ
No one is in the house except Zayd.
1. Identify the subject and attribute: Zayd and being in the house.
2. Determine direction: the attribute is restricted to the subject.
3. Establish scope: everyone in reality, or only the comparison of Zayd and ʿAmr?
4. Establish the listener’s belief: both inside, only ʿAmr inside, or uncertainty about which person?
This procedure separates grammatical content, asserted exclusivity, and the rhetorical problem being solved.
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Qasr: Definitions, Real and Relative Restriction, and Ifrād, Qalb and Taʿyīn
مَا فِي الدَّارِ إِلَّا زَيْدٌ
No one is in the house except Zayd.
1. Identify the subject and attribute: Zayd and being in the house.
2. Determine direction: the attribute is restricted to the subject.
3. Establish scope: everyone in reality, or only the comparison of Zayd and ʿAmr?
4. Establish the listener’s belief: both inside, only ʿAmr inside, or uncertainty about which person?
This procedure separates grammatical content, asserted exclusivity, and the rhetorical problem being solved.