LessonsSupplementary Practice 13: Attribution, Quotation and Evidential Restraint in Rhetorical AnalysisQuiz

لَا نَنْسِبُ الرِّسَالَةَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ.
We do not attribute the letter to anyone without evidence.

Bi-ghayri bayyinatin prevents the listener from mistaking the researcher for someone who rejects all possible attributions. The actual position is conditional: attribution should follow evidence, not be ruled out even if evidence appears. That preventive role is an apt instance of iḥtirās.

Without the qualification, lā nansibu al-risālata ilā aḥadin could be heard as an unrestricted refusal to attribute the letter to anyone. The added phrase guards against that unintended reading rather than merely multiplying words.

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Iḥtirās: blocking a predictable misunderstanding

Supplementary Practice 13: Attribution, Quotation and Evidential Restraint in Rhetorical Analysis

لَا نَنْسِبُ الرِّسَالَةَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ.
We do not attribute the letter to anyone without evidence.

Bi-ghayri bayyinatin prevents the listener from mistaking the researcher for someone who rejects all possible attributions. The actual position is conditional: attribution should follow evidence, not be ruled out even if evidence appears. That preventive role is an apt instance of iḥtirās.

Without the qualification, lā nansibu al-risālata ilā aḥadin could be heard as an unrestricted refusal to attribute the letter to anyone. The added phrase guards against that unintended reading rather than merely multiplying words.