LessonsSupplementary Practice 13: Attribution, Quotation and Evidential Restraint in Rhetorical AnalysisQuiz

أَهِيَ لِلْقَاضِي أَمْ لِكَاتِبِهِ؟
Is it the judge's or his secretary's?

The interrogative hamza and am present two specific alternatives. The questioner seeks a decision between competing attributions, not merely confirmation that a letter exists. Repeating wujidat risālatun would miss the question's actual focus.

Where neither attribution has been established, an appropriate response is لَمْ تَثْبُتْ نِسْبَتُهَا بَعْدُ — its attribution has not yet been established. This does not invent a third attribution; it withholds judgment on the alternatives until evidence is sufficient.

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A question presenting two alternatives

Supplementary Practice 13: Attribution, Quotation and Evidential Restraint in Rhetorical Analysis

أَهِيَ لِلْقَاضِي أَمْ لِكَاتِبِهِ؟
Is it the judge's or his secretary's?

The interrogative hamza and am present two specific alternatives. The questioner seeks a decision between competing attributions, not merely confirmation that a letter exists. Repeating wujidat risālatun would miss the question's actual focus.

Where neither attribution has been established, an appropriate response is لَمْ تَثْبُتْ نِسْبَتُهَا بَعْدُ — its attribution has not yet been established. This does not invent a third attribution; it withholds judgment on the alternatives until evidence is sufficient.