LessonsSupplementary Practice 25 — Comparative Rhetoric of Sūrat az-Zalzalah and Sūrat al-ʿĀdiyātQuiz

إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌ
Indeed the human being is deeply ungrateful to his Lord. (100:6)

Inna is an emphatic particle; the lām of la-kanūd reinforces the predicate further. After the oath, the combined emphasis signals the gravity of the assertion. It does not prove that the audience is necessarily an active denier; significance, inattention or urgent warning can also call for strong reinforcement.

ElementRhetorical contribution
OathPrepares attention for a weighty assertion
InnaConfirms the predicative relation
Predicate lāmAdds further assurance and force

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Degrees of reinforcement: inna and lām

Supplementary Practice 25 — Comparative Rhetoric of Sūrat az-Zalzalah and Sūrat al-ʿĀdiyāt

إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌ
Indeed the human being is deeply ungrateful to his Lord. (100:6)

Inna is an emphatic particle; the lām of la-kanūd reinforces the predicate further. After the oath, the combined emphasis signals the gravity of the assertion. It does not prove that the audience is necessarily an active denier; significance, inattention or urgent warning can also call for strong reinforcement.

ElementRhetorical contribution
OathPrepares attention for a weighty assertion
InnaConfirms the predicative relation
Predicate lāmAdds further assurance and force