Which analysis best describes “mā” in “mā qaddamat wa-akhkharat”?

Supplementary Practice 29 — Comparative Rhetoric of Sūrat al-Infiṭār and Sūrat al-Inshiqāq

• Relative: referring to what was done
• Interrogative used for rebuke
• Negative particle negating both verbs
• A merely ornamental additional particle