The two modes can now be compared. A definite subject through iḍāfah is identified by a known relationship, whereas an indefinite expression may avoid personal identification or foreground type and quality.
ExpressionMain interpretation
عَبْدُ الْخَلِيفَةِ حَضَرَIdentification by relation to the caliph; possibly honor in context
حَضَرَ رَجُلٌArrival of an unspecified individual
عَلَى أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌA kind of covering or its severity
وَرِضْوَانٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُSlight extent alongside supreme value, in one rhetorical reading
First identify the grammatical construction; then integrate the intended reference, relationship, and situation into a reasoned rhetorical explanation.