An objection to the intermediate category appeals to the apparent contradiction between truth and falsehood: if a report is not true, must it not be false? Al-Jāḥiẓ’s compounded predicates deny that inference.
Under the majority’s binary definitions, failure to match reality yields falsehood. But negating al-Jāḥiẓ’s two-part truth condition need not establish his distinct two-part falsehood condition. Failure of one conjunction does not prove another conjunction. This logical distinction is central to the discussion.