TermMeaning
Agreement with realityWhat is asserted actually obtains
Disagreement with realityWhat is asserted fails to obtain
Agreement with beliefThe statement reflects the speaker’s belief
Disagreement with beliefThe statement opposes the speaker’s belief
Suppose it is not raining, but a person mistakenly thinks that it is and says, “It is raining.” This report agrees with the speaker’s belief but not with reality. Such mixed cases reveal the disagreement among the theories.
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Truth and Falsehood in Reports: The Majority, al-Naẓẓām and al-Jāḥiẓ
TermMeaning
Agreement with realityWhat is asserted actually obtains
Disagreement with realityWhat is asserted fails to obtain
Agreement with beliefThe statement reflects the speaker’s belief
Disagreement with beliefThe statement opposes the speaker’s belief
Suppose it is not raining, but a person mistakenly thinks that it is and says, “It is raining.” This report agrees with the speaker’s belief but not with reality. Such mixed cases reveal the disagreement among the theories.