Wudu Invalidators: Items 1–5

Read the bilingual lesson for Wudu Invalidators: Items 1–5 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Invalidator 1: Anything Exiting from the Two Pathways

يَنْقُضُ الْوُضُوءَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَيْئًا: مَا خَرَجَ مِنَ السَّبِيلَيْنِ إِلَّا رِيحَ الْقُبُلِ فِي الْأَصَحِّ

The text lists 12 invalidators. First: anything exiting from the two pathways, except front-pathway wind according to the most correct opinion stated here.

2. Invalidator 2: Flowing Impurity from Elsewhere

وَنَجَاسَةٌ سَائِلَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمَا كَدَمٍ وَقَيْحٍ

Blood, pus or similar impurity from elsewhere invalidates Wudu when it flows beyond its point of exit. Merely appearing without flowing does not.

3. Invalidator 3: Childbirth without Visible Blood

وَيَنْقُضُهُ وِلَادَةٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ رُؤْيَةِ دَمٍ

The matn explicitly lists childbirth without visible blood as one invalidator. It is item 3.

4. Invalidator 4: Mouthful Vomit

وَقَيْءُ طَعَامٍ أَوْ مَاءٍ أَوْ عَلَقٍ أَوْ مِرَّةٍ إِذَا مَلَأَ الْفَمَ، وَهُوَ مَا لَا يَنْطَبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْفَمُ إِلَّا بِتَكَلُّفٍ عَلَى الْأَصَحِّ، وَيُجْمَعُ مُتَفَرِّقُ الْقَيْءِ إِذَا اتَّحَدَ سَبَبُهُ

Mouthful vomit of food, water, 'alaq or bile invalidates Wudu. Separate small episodes are combined when their cause is one.

5. Invalidator 5: Blood Equal to or Dominating Saliva

وَدَمٌ غَلَبَ عَلَى الْبُزَاقِ أَوْ سَاوَاهُ

Blood equal to or greater than saliva invalidates Wudu. The commentary uses red saliva as the sign of equality/dominance of blood, while yellowish saliva indicates saliva is dominant.

6. Items 1–5 Recap

1. Exit from the two pathways, with the stated exception.
2. Flowing impurity from elsewhere.
3. Childbirth without visible blood.
4. Mouthful vomit of the listed substances.
5. Blood equal to or dominating saliva.

Practice questions

Question 1

Under which condition does bleeding from a cut on the hand invalidate Wudu in the Hanafi school?

As soon as the blood is visible on the surface.
Only if the cut is deeper than 1 cm.
If the blood flows beyond the boundaries of the wound.
Bleeding from wounds never breaks Wudu.

Question 2

Wind exiting from the front pathway (urinary tract) in both men and women invalidates Wudu according to the most correct Hanafi opinion.

Question 3

Sort the following scenarios into "Wudu is Broken" and "Wudu is Valid" according to Noor-ul-Idah:

Question 4

If a person vomits small amounts of bile multiple times in a single session due to the same wave of nausea, these are combined to evaluate mouthful wudu invalidation.

Question 5

Which saliva color does the commentary use as the practical sign that blood is equal to or dominating the saliva?

Red.
Yellowish.
Clear.
Blue.

Question 6

If a wound emerges blood, and a person wipes it with a tissue repeatedly before it can flow, the wudu remains valid because no blood actually flowed.

Question 7

Match the physical excretions with their correct impact on Wudu:

Question 8

Why does vomiting phlegm (Balgham) NOT break Wudu, even if it is a mouthful?

Because phlegm is considered pure and not a filth (Najasah) in Hanafi law.
Because phlegm comes from the pathways.
Only if the wudu was made with seawater.
Because the volume of phlegm cannot be measured.

Question 9

Which item is invalidator number 3 in the matn?

Childbirth without visible blood.
Firmly seated sleep.
Touching one's own private part.
Vomiting phlegm.

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