Adhan: prescribed prayer call; iqamah: immediate commencement call.
Tarjī‘: additional quieter-and-louder testimony repetition; tathwīb: the Fajr phrase “prayer is better than sleep.”
Tarassul: measured delivery; hadr: brisker continuous delivery; iltifat: face-turning.
Fa’itah: missed prayer; mukhayyar: one who has a choice between permitted forms.