وَالشَّاةُ جَائِزَةٌ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ: مَنْ طَافَ طَوَافَ الزِّيَارَةِ جُنُبًا، وَمَنْ جَامَعَ بَعْدَ الْوُقُوفِ بِعَرَفَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَجُوزُ فِيهِمَا إِلَّا بَدَنَةٌ.
Translation: A sheep normally suffices except in two cases: performing Tawaf al-Ziyarah while in major ritual impurity, or intercourse after standing at Arafat. These require a badana.
These are two particular penalties, not a command that every pilgrim must sacrifice a large animal.
Badana denotes the major offering of the prescribed category. Its application is governed by the relevant Hanafi ruling.