Makruh means legally disfavored, while fasid describes an invalid act. The source calls women’s separate congregation disliked, not automatically void. Its ruling must not be conflated with the later, conditional issue of direct side-by-side alignment.
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Disliked Versus Invalid
Congregational Rows, Women Leading Women, and Adjacent Alignment
Makruh means legally disfavored, while fasid describes an invalid act. The source calls women’s separate congregation disliked, not automatically void. Its ruling must not be conflated with the later, conditional issue of direct side-by-side alignment.