Case 1: women stand in rows behind the men; the specified side-by-side alignment is absent.
Case 2: a man and a woman pray individually at the same time; simultaneity alone does not prove shared congregation.
Case 3: a valid barrier or separation may prevent the qualifying alignment, subject to the legal details.
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Congregational Rows, Women Leading Women, and Adjacent Alignment
Case 1: women stand in rows behind the men; the specified side-by-side alignment is absent.
Case 2: a man and a woman pray individually at the same time; simultaneity alone does not prove shared congregation.
Case 3: a valid barrier or separation may prevent the qualifying alignment, subject to the legal details.