Excuses for Missing Congregation and Selected Rulings for Followers

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• If the Imam performs the Salaam before the follower has finished reciting the Tashahhud in the sitting posture, what is the follower legally required to do?
• A fierce storm or strong wind occurring during the daytime is a valid legal excuse to miss the congregational prayer in the mosque.
• Under what condition is having food served a valid legal excuse to miss the congregation?
• Being deeply engaged in reviewing and studying Islamic law (Fiqh) is a valid legal excuse to miss the congregation, provided leaving it causes academic disruption.
• What must the follower do if the Imam forgetfully adds a third prostration (Sajdah) in a rak'ah?
• If the Imam stands up for an extra fifth unit in Zuhr after having sat for the final sitting (Qa'dah), the follower must stand up with him.
• Under which condition is nursing a sick person (Al-Qiyam bi-Maridh) a valid excuse to miss the congregational prayer?
• Resisting the urgent need to urinate or defecate (Mudafa'at al-Akhbatha-yn) is a valid excuse to miss the congregation, and performing prayer in this state is legally disliked (Makruh).