LessonsKitab al-Buyu: Grain Sales, Bulk Heaps, Qafiz and Unit PricesQuiz

A clearer formulation identifies ten marked sheep and a price of 5,000 rupees each, making the total 50,000. The animals, count and aggregate price are known.

By contrast, a price “for every sheep in the flock” without determining the relevant animals or count may retain the uncertainty under discussion.

This illustration explains contract clarity, not every condition required for a valid livestock sale.

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Making the flock bargain determinate

Kitab al-Buyu: Grain Sales, Bulk Heaps, Qafiz and Unit Prices

A clearer formulation identifies ten marked sheep and a price of 5,000 rupees each, making the total 50,000. The animals, count and aggregate price are known.

By contrast, a price “for every sheep in the flock” without determining the relevant animals or count may retain the uncertainty under discussion.

This illustration explains contract clarity, not every condition required for a valid livestock sale.