A discerning minor recognizes the transaction: what is being sold, what consideration will be received and that ownership may change. A non-discerning child lacks this basic understanding.
Hanafi commentary treats certain transactions of a discerning child as suspended pending guardian approval. Repetition of sale formulae without comprehension does not establish the necessary contract. Approval can give effect to an intelligible, intended bargain; it cannot supply missing understanding retroactively.
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The discerning and non-discerning minor
Kitab al-Hajr: Grounds of Legal Restriction, Capacity and Liability
A discerning minor recognizes the transaction: what is being sold, what consideration will be received and that ownership may change. A non-discerning child lacks this basic understanding.
Hanafi commentary treats certain transactions of a discerning child as suspended pending guardian approval. Repetition of sale formulae without comprehension does not establish the necessary contract. Approval can give effect to an intelligible, intended bargain; it cannot supply missing understanding retroactively.