Compare three connected expressions based on the same initial debt:
1. 10 except 3 → 7 payable; a valid smaller exception.
2. 10 except 9 → 1 payable; a valid larger exception, with something left.
3. 10 except 10 → 10 payable; the total exception is void.
The basic fiqh mistake is to answer zero in the third case. Test validity first, and only then compute the net obligation.
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Three statements, three outcomes
Kitab al-Iqrar: Connected Exceptions, Quantities, and Cross-Category Exceptions
Compare three connected expressions based on the same initial debt:
1. 10 except 3 → 7 payable; a valid smaller exception.
2. 10 except 9 → 1 payable; a valid larger exception, with something left.
3. 10 except 10 → 10 payable; the total exception is void.
The basic fiqh mistake is to answer zero in the third case. Test validity first, and only then compute the net obligation.