Intention fundamentally means the heart’s resolve to fast. Knowing and deciding during the night that one will observe the next Ramadan fast suffices without a mandatory verbal Arabic formula.
The real legal questions are: which fast is being intended, and when did the intention occur? A pronounced formula without a relevant inward determination is not a substitute.
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Kitab al-Sawm: Categories of Fasting and Rules of Intention
Intention fundamentally means the heart’s resolve to fast. Knowing and deciding during the night that one will observe the next Ramadan fast suffices without a mandatory verbal Arabic formula.
The real legal questions are: which fast is being intended, and when did the intention occur? A pronounced formula without a relevant inward determination is not a substitute.