Kitab al-Sawm: Crescent Sighting and Establishing Ramadan

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• On which month’s twenty-ninth day does this passage direct people to look for the crescent?
• At what time is the Ramadan crescent sought at the end of Shaʿban 29?
• In “fa-in raʾawhu ṣāmū,” what does the pronoun “-hu” refer to?
• Once Ramadan’s crescent is validly established, what is the general consequence?
• What does “ghumma ʿalayhim” mean in this context?
• If the new crescent is not established after Shaʿban 29, how many days of Shaʿban are completed?
• Clouds obscure the crescent and no admissible testimony is received; what is the following day?
• Which two legal questions does Quduri distinguish after a solitary sighting?
• According to Quduri, what must someone do after personally seeing Ramadan’s crescent alone?
• If the imam rejects the solitary observer’s testimony, what does Quduri say about that individual’s fast?
• To whom does the text assign acceptance of testimony?
• What does “ʿillah in the sky” denote here?
• Under an obstructed sky, how many upright witnesses can suffice for Ramadan’s crescent?
• What does “ʿadl” signify in the phrase “shahādat al-wāḥid al-ʿadl”?
• What does Quduri say about one upright woman testifying when the Ramadan crescent is obscured?
• How should “ḥurran kāna aw ʿabdan” be understood in this lesson?
• What does Quduri require to establish Ramadan publicly under a clear sky?
• Does this exact passage specify a fixed number for “jamʿ kathīr” under a clear sky?
• What does “yaqaʿ al-ʿilm bi-khabarihim” add to the clear-sky condition?
• Under a clear sky, only one person claims to see the crescent; what does the public-evidence rule say?
• With clouds present, the imam accepts a credible upright witness’s direct sighting; what follows?
• What principally distinguishes an unattributed rumor from a witness’s testimony?
• Which excerpt concerns the person who individually saw the crescent?
• If no crescent is legally established, what practical rule does this text itself give?
• Which phrase makes clear that rejection of public testimony does not remove the observer’s personal rule?
• In which circumstance does “the imam accepts one upright witness” apply in the text?
• What new subject starts immediately after this moon-sighting passage in Quduri?