LessonsKitab al-Sawm: Eid Crescent Sighting and TestimonyQuiz

وَمَنْ رَأَى هِلَالَ الْفِطْرِ وَحْدَهُ: لَمْ يُفْطِرْ.
وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِالسَّمَاءِ عِلَّةٌ: لَمْ تُقْبَلْ فِي هِلَالِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ، أَوْ رَجُلٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ.
وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِالسَّمَاءِ عِلَّةٌ: لَمْ تُقْبَلْ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ يَقَعُ الْعِلْمُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ.
Translation: Whoever alone sees the Eid crescent does not break the fast. If the sky is obstructed, testimony for the Eid crescent is accepted only from two men or from one man and two women. If the sky is unobstructed, only the testimony of a sufficiently large group whose report establishes certainty is accepted.

The three consecutive sentences establish (1) the ruling for a lone Shawwal sighting, (2) the witness configuration when the sky is obscured, and (3) the threshold when the sky is clear.

The following slides examine these sentences in order. The full passage is reproduced here before extracting its clauses.

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The complete original passage

Kitab al-Sawm: Eid Crescent Sighting and Testimony

وَمَنْ رَأَى هِلَالَ الْفِطْرِ وَحْدَهُ: لَمْ يُفْطِرْ.
وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بِالسَّمَاءِ عِلَّةٌ: لَمْ تُقْبَلْ فِي هِلَالِ الْفِطْرِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ، أَوْ رَجُلٍ وَامْرَأَتَيْنِ.
وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ بِالسَّمَاءِ عِلَّةٌ: لَمْ تُقْبَلْ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ يَقَعُ الْعِلْمُ بِخَبَرِهِمْ.
Translation: Whoever alone sees the Eid crescent does not break the fast. If the sky is obstructed, testimony for the Eid crescent is accepted only from two men or from one man and two women. If the sky is unobstructed, only the testimony of a sufficiently large group whose report establishes certainty is accepted.

The three consecutive sentences establish (1) the ruling for a lone Shawwal sighting, (2) the witness configuration when the sky is obscured, and (3) the threshold when the sky is clear.

The following slides examine these sentences in order. The full passage is reproduced here before extracting its clauses.