Ittihān means applying oil; iḥtijām is cupping; iktiḥāl is the use of kohl. In this passage, these actions do not invalidate the fast.
This historical wording is not a blanket ruling for all contemporary drugs, injections, drops, or medical procedures. Those require their own legal analysis. Here the lesson confines itself to the actions actually named in the book.
Opening interactive controls...
Kitab al-Sawm: Fasting Hours, Invalidators, Qada and Kaffarah
Ittihān means applying oil; iḥtijām is cupping; iktiḥāl is the use of kohl. In this passage, these actions do not invalidate the fast.
This historical wording is not a blanket ruling for all contemporary drugs, injections, drops, or medical procedures. Those require their own legal analysis. Here the lesson confines itself to the actions actually named in the book.