Livestock substitute: Value differences are reconciled for higher/lower grades. Payment by value: Monetary equivalence can discharge zakat. Use of livestock: Working, burden-bearing and stall-fed animals are exempt from the special grazing levy. Collection: Take middling-quality stock.
Annual additions: Same-type property is joined to the original nisab. Sa’imah: Grazing must predominate. ‘Afw: Jurists differ on where liability attaches. Loss: Non-deliberate destruction affects the due. Prepayment: Advance payment requires already owning nisab.