Hanafi position: Both obligatory and voluntary prayers are valid because facing a recognized part of the qibla is possible inside the Kaaba.
A reported Maliki view: Voluntary prayer is allowed inside, but obligatory prayer is not valid, reflecting a stricter application of the qibla condition to obligations.
A view attributed to al-Shafi‘i in this edition: Does not allow prayer inside. The attribution is presented as reported here; the wider Shafi‘i school has more detailed discussion.
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Prayer in, Around, and on the Roof of the Kaaba
Hanafi position: Both obligatory and voluntary prayers are valid because facing a recognized part of the qibla is possible inside the Kaaba.
A reported Maliki view: Voluntary prayer is allowed inside, but obligatory prayer is not valid, reflecting a stricter application of the qibla condition to obligations.
A view attributed to al-Shafi‘i in this edition: Does not allow prayer inside. The attribution is presented as reported here; the wider Shafi‘i school has more detailed discussion.