The sun's highest daily position is associated with istiwa; its decline westward is zawal, which begins Dhuhr.
Fay' al-zawal is the residual shadow that may remain at the moment of solar decline in some places and seasons. This baseline shadow is excluded when calculating the end of Dhuhr.
Therefore the one-times or two-times shadow condition refers to the additional shadow beyond the noon baseline.
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Prayer Times and Recommended Times
The sun's highest daily position is associated with istiwa; its decline westward is zawal, which begins Dhuhr.
Fay' al-zawal is the residual shadow that may remain at the moment of solar decline in some places and seasons. This baseline shadow is excluded when calculating the end of Dhuhr.
Therefore the one-times or two-times shadow condition refers to the additional shadow beyond the noon baseline.