يخرج ذلك عن نفسه وعن أولاده الصغار
Translation: He pays it on his own behalf and on behalf of his young children.
“For himself” establishes personal liability; “his young children” adds his minor offspring. The text expressly connects a father’s duty to minors.
For example, a liable father with two minor children has three covered persons under this statement: himself and the two children. The separate rule about his wife follows next.