1. Face: wash the full legally defined area; flowing water is essential to washing.
2. Arms: wash both hands and arms including elbows; the disagreement of Zufar was discussed.
3. Head: wipe at least one quarter; jurists differ over the minimum extent.
4. Feet: wash both feet including the ankles; the Qur’anic readings and hadith evidence for washing were discussed.
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Ordered Synthesis of the Obligations
Taharah and Wudu Obligations: Limits, Evidence and Juristic Differences
1. Face: wash the full legally defined area; flowing water is essential to washing.
2. Arms: wash both hands and arms including elbows; the disagreement of Zufar was discussed.
3. Head: wipe at least one quarter; jurists differ over the minimum extent.
4. Feet: wash both feet including the ankles; the Qur’anic readings and hadith evidence for washing were discussed.