إِذَا مَلَكَ نِصَابًا كَامِلًا مِلْكًا تَامًّا، وَحَالَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ.
Translation: When they own a complete nisab with full ownership, and a year passes over it.
Three financial conditions appear together: complete nisab, full ownership, and passage of a year. Nisab means the prescribed threshold; full ownership means legally sufficient control; the year condition applies to the wealth concerned.
If wealth falls below the threshold or the necessary ownership is absent, mere association with the property does not establish this form of zakat liability. Agricultural produce is governed by separate rules.