The Hanafi argument is that wiping a smooth, non-absorbent object can remove the entire substance of filth and achieve the intended removal.
For al-Shafi‘i, ritual cleansing of najasah is tied to washing with water, so wiping alone is not treated as equivalent. The disagreement concerns the accepted means of removal.
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Types of Impurity and Methods of Purification
The Hanafi argument is that wiping a smooth, non-absorbent object can remove the entire substance of filth and achieve the intended removal.
For al-Shafi‘i, ritual cleansing of najasah is tied to washing with water, so wiping alone is not treated as equivalent. The disagreement concerns the accepted means of removal.