A learner identifies a particular passage related to a ruling, then uses disciplined principles to understand how that passage supports the ruling. What is the learner practicing?

Usul al-Fiqh, because it connects detailed evidence to an understood ruling through principles
Recording final rulings without examining how their evidence supports them
Reading a particular passage but relying on first impressions instead of disciplined principles
Naming general sources without studying how any particular evidence relates to a ruling