Whom May One Follow in Prayer? Qualifications and Validity of Imamate

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• May a non-excused follower follow an imam with urinary incontinence in the cited Hanafi rule?
• What difference arises if imam and follower share the same excuse?
• Why is a non-excused woman’s following a legally excused woman disallowed?
• What does ummī mean in this rule?
• May an able reciter follow an imam unable to recite the required Qur’an?
• May a clothed person follow an imam who is uncovered through necessity?
• May an imam with valid tayammum lead followers with wudu?
• What separates valid tayammum from leading under chronic incontinence?
• Can an imam wiping validly over khuffs lead followers who washed their feet?
• What is Imam Muhammad’s position on a standing follower behind a seated imam?
• Under Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf, when can a standing follower follow a seated imam?
• What is the juristic sense of mūmi’?
• What is the normal Hanafi ruling on following a gesturing imam when able to bow and prostrate?
• What is Zufar’s disagreement about following a gesturing imam?
• Why do seated and gesturing imams receive distinct rulings?
• May someone offering fard follow an imam offering nafl in the cited ruling?
• What if imam prays Asr fard and follower intends Zuhr fard?
• What is al-Shafi‘i’s view when imam and follower pray different fard prayers?
• What is the Hanafi ruling on nafl behind an imam performing fard?
• What distinguishes fard behind nafl from nafl behind fard?
• Afterward the follower learns the imam had no wudu; what is required in the cited Hanafi rule?
• What is the Hanafi rationale for that repetition?
• Why, in the stated Shafi‘i position, does an unaware follower not repeat?
• Which case has different lawful methods of purification yet valid following?