In ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا follows the verb but is not the fāʿil; it is the direct object. Zayd is the fāʿil because the striking proceeds from him.
Method: understand the verb, identify who performs the action and who receives it, and then determine case. Do not decide from proximity or word order alone.
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Al-Marfūʿāt: The Fāʿil, Its Definition and Full Parsing
In ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا follows the verb but is not the fāʿil; it is the direct object. Zayd is the fāʿil because the striking proceeds from him.
Method: understand the verb, identify who performs the action and who receives it, and then determine case. Do not decide from proximity or word order alone.