Five address particles: yā, ayā, hayā, ay, a-.
Built vocatives: yā Zaydu, yā rajulu, yā Zaydāni, yā Zaydūna.
Accusative vocatives: yā ʿAbda llāhi, yā ṭāliʿan jabalan, yā rajulan.
Al-definite nouns: yā ayyuhā r-rajulu / yā ayyatuhā l-marʾatu.
Appeal for help: yā la-Zaydin / yā Zaydā.
Truncation: yā Māl, yā Manṣ, yā ʿUthm; yā Ḥāri / yā Ḥāru.
Lamentation: yā Zaydāh / wā Zaydāh.
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Vocative Consolidation
Al-Munādā: Vocative Types and Rules
Five address particles: yā, ayā, hayā, ay, a-.
Built vocatives: yā Zaydu, yā rajulu, yā Zaydāni, yā Zaydūna.
Accusative vocatives: yā ʿAbda llāhi, yā ṭāliʿan jabalan, yā rajulan.
Al-definite nouns: yā ayyuhā r-rajulu / yā ayyatuhā l-marʾatu.
Appeal for help: yā la-Zaydin / yā Zaydā.
Truncation: yā Māl, yā Manṣ, yā ʿUthm; yā Ḥāri / yā Ḥāru.
Lamentation: yā Zaydāh / wā Zaydāh.