جَاءَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 11, both parts are fixed; the numeral has a nominative position.
جَاءَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 12, the first part is nominative with alif.
رَأَيْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 12, the first part is accusative with yāʾ.
Summary: For eleven, state the syntactic position of the whole fixed phrase; for twelve, also identify the changing case marker on the first element.
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Al-Murakkabāt — Compound Numerals, the Twelve Exception and Declining Baalbek
جَاءَ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 11, both parts are fixed; the numeral has a nominative position.
جَاءَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 12, the first part is nominative with alif.
رَأَيْتُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ طَالِبًا — for 12, the first part is accusative with yāʾ.
Summary: For eleven, state the syntactic position of the whole fixed phrase; for twelve, also identify the changing case marker on the first element.