جَاءَ أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ. — «عُمَرُ» supplies a name, not a quality.
جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَالِمُ. — «الْعَالِمُ» is an adjectival quality.
Identical nominative endings do not force identical grammatical categories.
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Mistake: treating every clarification as an adjective
ʿAṭf al-Bayān: Definition, Examples, and Contrast with Badal
جَاءَ أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ. — «عُمَرُ» supplies a name, not a quality.
جَاءَ الرَّجُلُ الْعَالِمُ. — «الْعَالِمُ» is an adjectival quality.
Identical nominative endings do not force identical grammatical categories.