ʿAṭf al-bayān is a follower that clarifies identity and follows its antecedent’s case.
Naʿt describes a quality; tawkīd emphasizes; ʿaṭf al-bayān identifies.
Overlap with badal is possible in simple examples, but the book’s poem supports an explanatory-follower reading by a technical governor argument.
Revisit the parsing of «عُمَرُ», «بْنُ», and «بِشْرٍ» before the quiz.