Jāʾa aṭ-ṭālibu mubtasiman: the participle is an accusative circumstantial qualifier. Aṭ-ṭālibu mubtasimun: the same participle serves as a nominative predicate. Lexical class and syntactic function are different questions.
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Same Word, Different Syntactic Roles
Choosing the Correct Parsing: Meaning, Governance and Context
Jāʾa aṭ-ṭālibu mubtasiman: the participle is an accusative circumstantial qualifier. Aṭ-ṭālibu mubtasimun: the same participle serves as a nominative predicate. Lexical class and syntactic function are different questions.