Complete Paradigm of the Separated Doubly Weak Verb وَقَى يَقِي

1. The Separated Doubly Weak Verb and Its Pattern

A separated doubly weak verb (lafīf mafrūq) has weak radicals in the first and third positions, separated by a sound middle radical. The root here is و ق ي, with wāw first, qāf second and yāʾ last.
وَقَى — يَقِي — وِقَايَةً
Translation: He protected — he protects — protection.
The book treats the verb under the ḍaraba–yaḍribu pattern. Its initial wāw disappears in the imperfect; its final yāʾ changes or disappears under separate conditions. These are two distinct weakening processes.

2. Separated Versus Adjacent Weak Radicals

A lafīf verb has two weak root consonants. In mafrūq they are separated (radicals one and three); in maqrūn they are adjacent.

ClassRootLayoutExample
Mafrūqو ق يwāw — qāf — yāʾوَقَى يَقِي
Maqrūnط و يṭāʾ — wāw — yāʾطَوَى يَطْوِي

In وَقَى, qāf separates the weak radicals. The complete classification explains why this verb exhibits both initial-wāw loss and final-yāʾ changes.

3. Fourteen Active Perfect Forms

وَقَى
Translation: He protected.

PersonActive perfect
3rd masculine singularوَقَى
3rd masculine dualوَقَيَا
3rd masculine pluralوَقَوْا
3rd feminine singularوَقَتْ
3rd feminine dualوَقَتَا
3rd feminine pluralوَقَيْنَ
2nd masculine singularوَقَيْتَ
2nd masculine dualوَقَيْتُمَا
2nd masculine pluralوَقَيْتُمْ
2nd feminine singularوَقَيْتِ
2nd feminine dualوَقَيْتُمَا
2nd feminine pluralوَقَيْتُنَّ
1st singularوَقَيْتُ
1st pluralوَقَيْنَا

The 3m singular shows final alif as the result of final-radical weakening. The dual is وَقَيَا, the masculine plural وَقَوْا, and the first-person singular وَقَيْتُ. The initial wāw remains in the perfect throughout.

4. Fourteen Passive Perfect Forms

وُقِيَ
Translation: He was protected.

PersonPassive perfect
3rd masculine singularوُقِيَ
3rd masculine dualوُقِيَا
3rd masculine pluralوُقُوا
3rd feminine singularوُقِيَتْ
3rd feminine dualوُقِيَتَا
3rd feminine pluralوُقِينَ
2nd masculine singularوُقِيتَ
2nd masculine dualوُقِيتُمَا
2nd masculine pluralوُقِيتُمْ
2nd feminine singularوُقِيتِ
2nd feminine dualوُقِيتُمَا
2nd feminine pluralوُقِيتُنَّ
1st singularوُقِيتُ
1st pluralوُقِينَا

The perfect passive is وُقِيَ, not وَقَى. The opening ḍammah and medial kasrah mark the passive pattern. Compare وَقَيْتُ (“I protected”) with وُقِيتُ (“I was protected”): similar consonants, different voice and meaning.

5. Why the Perfect Has Different Final Forms

FormPersonMorphological clue
وَقَى3m singularfinal yāʾ changes to alif
وَقَيَا3m dualyāʾ before the dual suffix
وَقَوْا3m pluralplural wāw appears at the end
وَقَتْ3f singularfinal weak consonant deleted
وَقَيْتُ1st singularroot yāʾ appears before -tu

The plural-marker wāw is not the root-initial wāw. In وَقَوْا the word begins with the first radical and ends with a plural suffix. وَقَتْ has lost its final yāʾ on the surface, without changing the underlying root.

6. Fourteen Active Imperfect Forms

يَقِي
Translation: He protects.

PersonActive imperfect
3rd masculine singularيَقِي
3rd masculine dualيَقِيَانِ
3rd masculine pluralيَقُونَ
3rd feminine singularتَقِي
3rd feminine dualتَقِيَانِ
3rd feminine pluralيَقِينَ
2nd masculine singularتَقِي
2nd masculine dualتَقِيَانِ
2nd masculine pluralتَقُونَ
2nd feminine singularتَقِينَ
2nd feminine dualتَقِيَانِ
2nd feminine pluralتَقِينَ
1st singularأَقِي
1st pluralنَقِي

The initial root wāw drops, giving يَقِي rather than an overt wāw-initial stem. Compare the dual يَقِيَانِ, masculine plural يَقُونَ and first-person أَقِي. Different endings do not imply different roots.

7. Fourteen Passive Imperfect Forms

يُوقَى
Translation: He is protected.

PersonPassive imperfect
3rd masculine singularيُوقَى
3rd masculine dualيُوقَيَانِ
3rd masculine pluralيُوقَوْنَ
3rd feminine singularتُوقَى
3rd feminine dualتُوقَيَانِ
3rd feminine pluralيُوقَيْنَ
2nd masculine singularتُوقَى
2nd masculine dualتُوقَيَانِ
2nd masculine pluralتُوقَوْنَ
2nd feminine singularتُوقَيْنَ
2nd feminine dualتُوقَيَانِ
2nd feminine pluralتُوقَيْنَ
1st singularأُوقَى
1st pluralنُوقَى

The passive imperfect retains a wāw after the prefix: يُوقَى, unlike active يَقِي. Compare the passive plural يُوقَوْنَ and 1st singular أُوقَى with their active counterparts. Voice determines the pattern, not merely the final suffix.

8. Full Subjunctive Negation with لَنْ

لَنْ يَقِيَ — لَنْ يُوقَى
Translation: He will not protect — he will not be protected.

PersonActive after lanPassive after lan
3rd masculine singularلَنْ يَقِيَلَنْ يُوقَى
3rd masculine dualلَنْ يَقِيَالَنْ يُوقَيَا
3rd masculine pluralلَنْ يَقُوالَنْ يُوقَوْا
3rd feminine singularلَنْ تَقِيَلَنْ تُوقَى
3rd feminine dualلَنْ تَقِيَالَنْ تُوقَيَا
3rd feminine pluralلَنْ يَقِينَلَنْ يُوقَيْنَ
2nd masculine singularلَنْ تَقِيَلَنْ تُوقَى
2nd masculine dualلَنْ تَقِيَالَنْ تُوقَيَا
2nd masculine pluralلَنْ تَقُوالَنْ تُوقَوْا
2nd feminine singularلَنْ تَقِيلَنْ تُوقَيْ
2nd feminine dualلَنْ تَقِيَالَنْ تُوقَيَا
2nd feminine pluralلَنْ تَقِينَلَنْ تُوقَيْنَ
1st singularلَنْ أَقِيَلَنْ أُوقَى
1st pluralلَنْ نَقِيَلَنْ نُوقَى

Lan makes the imperfect subjunctive. The final vowel is visible in لَنْ يَقِيَ but not over final alif maqṣūrah in لَنْ يُوقَى. Dual and masculine plural forms lose indicative nūn; feminine plural nūn remains.

9. Full Jussive Negation with لَمْ

لَمْ يَقِ — لَمْ يُوقَ
Translation: He did not protect — he was not protected.

PersonActive after lamPassive after lam
3rd masculine singularلَمْ يَقِلَمْ يُوقَ
3rd masculine dualلَمْ يَقِيَالَمْ يُوقَيَا
3rd masculine pluralلَمْ يَقُوالَمْ يُوقَوْا
3rd feminine singularلَمْ تَقِلَمْ تُوقَ
3rd feminine dualلَمْ تَقِيَالَمْ تُوقَيَا
3rd feminine pluralلَمْ يَقِينَلَمْ يُوقَيْنَ
2nd masculine singularلَمْ تَقِلَمْ تُوقَ
2nd masculine dualلَمْ تَقِيَالَمْ تُوقَيَا
2nd masculine pluralلَمْ تَقُوالَمْ تُوقَوْا
2nd feminine singularلَمْ تَقِيلَمْ تُوقَيْ
2nd feminine dualلَمْ تَقِيَالَمْ تُوقَيَا
2nd feminine pluralلَمْ تَقِينَلَمْ تُوقَيْنَ
1st singularلَمْ أَقِلَمْ أُوقَ
1st pluralلَمْ نَقِلَمْ نُوقَ

Lam governs the jussive. In يَقِي → لَمْ يَقِ the final yāʾ is dropped; in يُوقَى → لَمْ يُوقَ final alif maqṣūrah is dropped. Both are weak-final jussive operations.

10. Indicative Nūn and Feminine-Plural Nūn

يَقِيَانِ → لَنْ يَقِيَا / لَمْ يَقِيَا
Translation: The two protect → The two will not / did not protect.
يَقِينَ → لَنْ يَقِينَ / لَمْ يَقِينَ
Translation: They (fem.) protect → They will not / did not protect.
The first loses indicative nūn, while the second retains feminine-plural nūn, a pronoun marker. Identical letter names do not imply identical grammatical roles.

11. Heavy Emphasis on the Active Verb

Heavy nūn al-tawkīd strengthens the assertion. The source displays forms such as لَيَقِيَنَّ and corresponding dual, plural and feminine patterns.

PersonIllustrative heavy formSense
3m singularلَيَقِيَنَّHe certainly will protect
3m dualلَيَقِيَانِّThe two certainly will protect
3m pluralلَيَقُنَّThey certainly will protect
3f singularلَتَقِيَنَّShe certainly will protect
2m singularلَتَقِيَنَّYou certainly will protect

The doubled nūn is an emphasis marker, not the ordinary indicative nūn. Root weakening and person suffixes continue to affect the word.

12. Heavy Emphasis in the Passive

The heavy emphasis nūn also attaches to the passive imperfect. لَيُوقَيَنَّ means “He certainly will be protected,” whereas لَيَقِيَنَّ means “He certainly will protect.”

Emphatic activeEmphatic passiveContrast
لَيَقِيَنَّلَيُوقَيَنَّprotect / be protected
لَتَقِيَنَّلَتُوقَيَنَّactive / passive second-person or feminine context

The passive stem retains its characteristic vowels and wāw even under emphasis. Emphasis and voice are independent grammatical dimensions.

13. Light Emphasis and Non-Attested Positions

Light nūn al-tawkīd is a single nūn without shaddah. In the source tables, some light-emphatic cells contain a dash rather than a paradigm form.

FormExampleNote
Heavy emphasisلَيَقِيَنَّnūn with shaddah
Light emphasisلَيَقِيَنْsingle sukūn nūn
Certain light dual/feminine-plural slots—not supplied in the source table

A dash is not a license to invent a conjugation. Record the textbook's restrictions and distinguish light from heavy emphasis.

14. The Six Direct Imperative Forms

The active direct imperative has six second-person forms:

AddresseeImperativeMeaning
2m singularقِProtect!
2m dualقِيَاBoth protect!
2m pluralقُواAll protect!
2f singularقِيProtect! (f.)
2f dualقِيَاBoth protect! (f.)
2f pluralقِينَAll women, protect!

قِ is a complete imperative despite having one written consonant. It comes from تَقِي after removing the imperfect prefix and jussively deleting final yāʾ; it does not represent a new root.

15. Deriving the One-Consonant Imperative قِ

StageFormWhy
Underlying rootو ق يweak first and third radicals
2m imperfectتَقِيinitial wāw already deleted
Jussiveلَمْ تَقِfinal yāʾ also deleted
Direct imperativeقِremove imperfect prefix ta-

قِ means “Protect!” Although neither weak radical remains visible, both belong to its root. A seemingly one-letter imperative can therefore come from a three-radical lexeme.

16. Full Active Command Table

The active command paradigm occupies fourteen positions:

PersonActive command
3rd masculine singularلِيَقِ
3rd masculine dualلِيَقِيَا
3rd masculine pluralلِيَقُوا
3rd feminine singularلِتَقِ
3rd feminine dualلِتَقِيَا
3rd feminine pluralلِيَقِينَ
2nd masculine singularقِ
2nd masculine dualقِيَا
2nd masculine pluralقُوا
2nd feminine singularقِي
2nd feminine dualقِيَا
2nd feminine pluralقِينَ
1st singularلِأَقِ
1st pluralلِنَقِ

Third and first persons take the command lām. The six direct second-person imperatives are قِ، قِيَا، قُوا، قِي، قِيَا، قِينَ. Calling all fourteen forms “direct imperatives” would obscure their grammatical construction.

17. Passive Commands Use the Command Lām

A passive command presents the person being protected, not the protector as an active subject. The construction uses command lām + passive jussive imperfect.

Passive imperfectPassive commandMeaning
يُوقَىلِيُوقَLet him be protected
يُوقَيَانِلِيُوقَيَاLet the two be protected
تُوقَىلِتُوقَLet you/her be protected
أُوقَىلِأُوقَLet me be protected

قِ is an active command; لِتُوقَ is a passive command with a separate pattern and meaning.

18. Emphatic Commands in Both Voices

The source separately presents heavy and light nūn of emphasis in commands. For a singular addressed male, compare قِ with قِيَنَّ (heavy) and قِيَنْ (light).

ConstructionExampleDifference
Simple active orderقِplain imperative
Heavy emphasisقِيَنَّdoubled nūn
Light emphasisقِيَنْsingle final nūn
Passive emphatic orderلِتُوقَيَنَّcommand to be protected

Emphasis interacts with pronoun endings and weak-radical rules. Do not mechanically append one ending to every pronoun or fill the dashes that the book leaves blank.

19. Fourteen Active Prohibition Forms

لَا تَقِ
Translation: Do not protect.

PersonActive prohibition
3rd masculine singularلَا يَقِ
3rd masculine dualلَا يَقِيَا
3rd masculine pluralلَا يَقُوا
3rd feminine singularلَا تَقِ
3rd feminine dualلَا تَقِيَا
3rd feminine pluralلَا يَقِينَ
2nd masculine singularلَا تَقِ
2nd masculine dualلَا تَقِيَا
2nd masculine pluralلَا تَقُوا
2nd feminine singularلَا تَقِي
2nd feminine dualلَا تَقِيَا
2nd feminine pluralلَا تَقِينَ
1st singularلَا أَقِ
1st pluralلَا نَقِ

Prohibitive lā requires the jussive. لَا تَقِ deletes final yāʾ, whereas لَا تَقِيَا loses indicative nūn. Both express prohibition, with different endings because the subject person differs.

20. Passive Prohibition Versus Active Prohibition

Active prohibitionPassive prohibitionMeaning
لَا تَقِلَا تُوقَDo not protect / Do not be protected
لَا يَقِلَا يُوقَLet him not protect / not be protected
لَا تَقِيَالَا تُوقَيَاThe two should not protect / be protected

The same prohibitive lā governs jussive in both voices. Their difference comes from active تَقِي versus passive تُوقَى before attaching the particle.

21. Emphatic Prohibitions and Their Limits

FormExampleSense
Simple prohibitionلَا تَقِDo not protect
Heavy-emphatic prohibitionلَا تَقِيَنَّBy no means protect
Light-emphatic prohibitionلَا تَقِيَنْDo not protect, with emphasis
Passive prohibitionلَا تُوقَDo not be protected

Emphasis reinforces prohibition; it does not convert it into an affirmative order. قِ and لَا تَقِ are grammatically different constructions. The source's empty light-emphatic cells should remain unfilled.

22. Active Participle وَاقٍ

وَاقٍ
Translation: One who protects.
The active participle identifies the protector. From underlying وَاقِيٌ, the final yāʾ of a defective noun drops in indefinite nominative usage, yielding وَاقٍ.

FormCase/contextSense
وَاقٍindefinite nominativea protector
الْوَاقِيwith definite articlethe protector

The opening wāw remains visible in the participle. Do not impose the imperfect's initial-wāw deletion on every derived noun.

23. Passive Participle مَوْقِيٌّ

مَوْقِيٌّ
Translation: One who has been protected / an object of protection.
The passive participle identifies the recipient of the protecting action. As with other yāʾ-final defective participles, weakening and assimilation yield a doubled final yāʾ in مَوْقِيٌّ.

DerivativeFormSemantic role
Active participleوَاقٍthe protector
Passive participleمَوْقِيٌّthe protected one

Do not conflate these roles: they differ in both morphological shape and relationship to the action.

24. Six Key Morphological Derivations

The book closes the paradigm with explanations for individual changes. The essential relationships are:

FormRelevant changeResult
وَقَىfinal yāʾ changes to alifوَقَى
وَقَوْاweak ending adjusts before plural suffixوَقَوْا
يَقِيinitial root wāw disappearsيَقِي
لَمْ يَقِjussive removes final yāʾلَمْ يَقِ
قِremove imperfect prefix in imperativeقِ
وَاقٍindefinite defective noun loses final yāʾوَاقٍ

These are targeted explanations, not a claim that one rule handles all forms. Perfect, imperfect, imperative and active participle each have their own structure.

25. Integrated Review of the Full Paradigm

CategoryActivePassive
Perfectوَقَىوُقِيَ
Imperfectيَقِييُوقَى
After lanلَنْ يَقِيَلَنْ يُوقَى
After lamلَمْ يَقِلَمْ يُوقَ
Commandقِلِتُوقَ
Prohibitionلَا تَقِلَا تُوقَ
Participleوَاقٍمَوْقِيٌّ

For every form ask three separate questions: what is the root, what is the grammatical category, and why did the weak letters change? قِ exemplifies deletion at both ends; يُوقَى shows that the first root wāw is not lost in every paradigm form. The next textbook section treats adjacent weak radicals (lafīf maqrūn).