Active and Passive: Recognizing Voice

Comprehensive Final Revision: Root Classes, Morphological Changes, Conjugations, Nouns and Verb-Form Semantics

Voice changes the orientation of the event; passive does not mean negative or past.

RootActive pastPassive pastActive presentPassive present
ق و لقَالَقِيلَيَقُولُيُقَالُ
ب ي عبَاعَبِيعَيَبِيعُيُبَاعُ
ر م يرَمَىرُمِيَيَرْمِييُرْمَى
د ع ودَعَادُعِيَيَدْعُويُدْعَى

بَاعَ التَّاجِرُ الْكِتَابَ
Translation: The merchant sold the book.
بِيعَ الْكِتَابُ
Translation: The book was sold.

The object of the first active sentence functions as the passive subject in the second.