جَاءَ زَيْدٌ — رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا — مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ
Translation: Zayd came — I saw Zayd — I passed by Zayd.
The proper name remains definite in all three; its case changes with grammatical function.
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Definiteness Is Not Case
Conclusion: Definite and Indefinite Nouns
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ — رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا — مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ
Translation: Zayd came — I saw Zayd — I passed by Zayd.
The proper name remains definite in all three; its case changes with grammatical function.