Consolidated Morphology Chart: Weak-Verb Paradigms Across Chapters

1. How to Read the Consolidated Verb Chart

The book's consolidated weak-verb chart brings together earlier conjugation patterns. It includes the six basic triliteral classes and several augmented-form chapters.
Read each row as past → imperfect → active/passive participle → imperative (or lām-imperative) → prohibition. Where a noun has a second row, that row normally records passive forms.
قَالَ — يَقُولُ — قَائِلٌ — قُلْ — لَا تَقُلْ
Translation: He said; he says; one who says; say; do not say.

2. Active and Passive Rows Have Different Functions

An active row normally contains an agent noun; a passive row normally contains the corresponding patient noun. The lām-imperative in a passive row is not the same as the direct second-person command.

VoicePastPresentParticipleCommand
Activeقَالَيَقُولُقَائِلٌقُلْ
Passiveقِيلَيُقَالُمَقُولٌلِيُقَلْ

لِيُقَلْ expresses that something should be said; قُلْ directly instructs the addressee to speak.

3. Naṣara Class: Hollow and Final-Weak Verbs

Naṣara Class: Hollow and Final-Weak Verbs

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
القول — معروفقَالَيَقُولُقَائِلٌقُلْلَا تَقُلْ
القول — مجہولقِيلَيُقَالُمَقُولٌلِيُقَلْلَا تُقَلْ
الدعوة — معروفدَعَايَدْعُودَاعٍاُدْعُلَا تَدْعُ
الدعوة — مجہولدُعِيَيُدْعَىمَدْعُوٌّلِيُدْعَلَا تُدْعَ

قَالَ / قِيلَ = he said / it was said. دَعَا / دُعِيَ = he called / he was called. In a hollow verb the middle radical is weak; in a final-weak verb it is the last radical.

4. Naṣara Class: Doubled and Hamzated Verbs

Naṣara Class: Doubled and Hamzated Verbs

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الصب — معروفصَبَّيَصُبُّصَابٌّصُبَّلَا تَصُبَّ
الصب — مجہولصُبَّيُصَبُّمَصْبُوبٌلِيُصَبَّلَا تُصَبَّ
الأخذ — معروفأَخَذَيَأْخُذُآخِذٌخُذْلَا تَأْخُذْ
الأخذ — مجہولأُخِذَيُؤْخَذُمَأْخُوذٌلِيُؤْخَذْلَا تُؤْخَذْ

صَبَّ illustrates a doubled radical; أَخَذَ has a radical hamzah. Their imperative and prohibition forms cannot be explained by a single weak-letter rule.

5. Ḍaraba Class: Hollow Yāʾ and Final-Weak Yāʾ

Ḍaraba Class: Hollow Yāʾ and Final-Weak Yāʾ

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
البيع — معروفبَاعَيَبِيعُبَائِعٌبِعْلَا تَبِعْ
البيع — مجہولبِيعَيُبَاعُمَبِيعٌلِيُبَعْلَا تُبَعْ
الرمي — معروفرَمَىيَرْمِيرَامٍاِرْمِلَا تَرْمِ
الرمي — مجہولرُمِيَيُرْمَىمَرْمِيٌّلِيُرْمَلَا تُرْمَ

بَاعَ → بِعْ = sold → sell; رَمَى → اِرْمِ = threw → throw. Their passive past forms are respectively بِيعَ and رُمِيَ.

6. Ḍaraba Class: Hamzated and Initial-Weak Verbs

Ḍaraba Class: Hamzated and Initial-Weak Verbs

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
المجيء — معروفجَاءَيَجِيءُجَائٍجِئْلَا تَجِئْ
المجيء — مجہولجِيءَيُجَاءُمَجِيءٌلِيُجَأْلَا تُجَأْ
الإتيان — معروفأَتَىيَأْتِيآتٍائْتِلَا تَأْتِ
الوعد — معروفوَعَدَيَعِدُوَاعِدٌعِدْلَا تَعِدْ
الوعد — مجہولوُعِدَيُوعَدُمَوْعُودٌلِيُوعَدْلَا تُوعَدْ

The chart combines جَاءَ (hamzah and a weak radical), أَتَى (final-weak), and وَعَدَ (initial-wāw). وَعَدَ → يَعِدُ → عِدْ illustrates loss of initial wāw.

7. Ḍaraba Class: Lafīf, Doubled and Final-Weak

Ḍaraba Class: Lafīf, Doubled and Final-Weak

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الوقاية — معروفوَقَىيَقِيوَاقٍقِلَا تَقِ
الوقاية — مجہولوُقِيَيُوقَىمَوْقِيٌّلِيُوقَلَا تُوقَ
الفرار — معروففَرَّيَفِرُّفَارٌّفِرَّلَا تَفِرَّ
الطي — معروفطَوَىيَطْوِيطَاوٍاِطْوِلَا تَطْوِ

وَقَى → يَقِي → قِ = protect, protects, protect! This is the characteristic separated double-weak type. فَرَّ is doubled; طَوَى is adjacent-double-weak.

8. Samiʿa Class: Four Compared Forms

Samiʿa Class: Four Compared Forms

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الخوفخَافَيَخَافُخَائِفٌخَفْلَا تَخَفْ
الخشيةخَشِيَيَخْشَىخَاشٍاِخْشَلَا تَخْشَ
الطيطَوِيَيَطْوَىطَاوٍاِطْوَلَا تَطْوَ
المسّمَسَّيَمَسُّمَاسٌّمَسَّلَا تَمَسَّ

خَافَ → يَخَافُ = feared → fears; خَشِيَ → يَخْشَى = feared → fears. The causes of vowel alteration differ; مَسَّ illustrates doubling.

9. Fataḥa Class: Three Weak/Hamzated Verbs

Fataḥa Class: Three Weak/Hamzated Verbs

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الرؤية — معروفرَأَىيَرَىرَاءٍرَلَا تَرَ
الرؤية — مجہولرُئِيَيُرَىمَرْئِيٌّلِيُرَلَا تُرَ
الرعاية — معروفرَعَىيَرْعَىرَاعٍاِرْعَلَا تَرْعَ
الرعاية — مجہولرُعِيَيُرْعَىمَرْعِيٌّلِيُرْعَلَا تُرْعَ
الوضع — معروفوَضَعَيَضَعُوَاضِعٌضَعْلَا تَضَعْ
الوضع — مجہولوُضِعَيُوضَعُمَوْضُوعٌلِيُوضَعْلَا تُوضَعْ

رَأَى → يَرَى → رَ = saw → sees → see!; رَعَى → يَرْعَى → اِرْعَ = tended/pastured → tends → tend!; وَضَعَ → يَضَعُ → ضَعْ = placed → places → place! Each undergoes its own reductions.

10. Karuma Class: Adjectival and Less Common Samples

Karuma Class: Adjectival and Less Common Samples

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الوسموَسُمَيَوْسُمُوَسِيمٌسُمْلَا تَسُمْ
الرخوةرَخُوَيَرْخُورَخِيٌّاُرْخُلَا تَرْخُ
اليمنيَمُنَيَيْمُنُيَمِينٌاَيْمُنْلَا تَيْمُنْ

The book lists وَسُمَ، رَخُوَ، يَمُنَ. The participle/derivative column sometimes contains an adjectival derivative rather than one uniform active-participle form; examples are وَسِيمٌ، رَخِيٌّ، يَمِينٌ.

11. Ḥasiba Class: Waliya and Warima

Ḥasiba Class: Waliya and Warima

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الولي — معروفوَلِيَيَلِيوَالٍلِلَا تَلِ
الولي — مجہولوُلِيَيُولَىمَوْلِيٌّلِيُولَلَا تُولَ
الورموَرِمَيَرِمُوَارِمٌرِمْلَا تَرِمْ

وَلِيَ → يَلِي → لِ illustrates a separated-double-weak verb; وَرِمَ → يَرِمُ → رِمْ illustrates initial-wāw deletion.

12. Iftiʿāl: Ijْtibāʾ and Ikhtiyār

Iftiʿāl: Ijْtibāʾ and Ikhtiyār

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الاجتباء — معروفاِجْتَبَىيَجْتَبِيمُجْتَبٍاِجْتَبِلَا تَجْتَبِ
الاجتباء — مجہولاُجْتُبِيَيُجْتَبَىمُجْتَبًىلِيُجْتَبَلَا تُجْتَبَ
الاختيار — معروفاِخْتَارَيَخْتَارُمُخْتَارٌاِخْتَرْلَا تَخْتَرْ
الاختيار — مجہولاُخْتِيرَيُخْتَارُمُخْتَارٌلِيُخْتَرْلَا تُخْتَرْ

اِجْتَبَى → يَجْتَبِي = selected → selects; اِخْتَارَ → يَخْتَارُ = chose → chooses. مُخْتَارٌ appears in both active and passive-derived rows; context determines the intended reading.

13. Iftiʿāl: Ittiqād and Ihtidāʾ

Iftiʿāl: Ittiqād and Ihtidāʾ

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الاتقاداِتَّقَدَيَتَّقِدُمُتَّقِدٌاِتَّقِدْلَا تَتَّقِدْ
الاهتداءاِهْتَدَىيَهْتَدِيمُهْتَدٍاِهْتَدِلَا تَهْتَدِ

اِتَّقَدَ → يَتَّقِدُ = ignited → ignites; اِهْتَدَى → يَهْتَدِي = found guidance → finds guidance. Doubling and final-weak changes must be distinguished.

14. Istifʿāl: Istiʿlāʾ and Istiʿāna

Istifʿāl: Istiʿlāʾ and Istiʿāna

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الاستعلاء — معروفاِسْتَعْلَىيَسْتَعْلِيمُسْتَعْلٍاِسْتَعْلِلَا تَسْتَعْلِ
الاستعلاء — مجہولاُسْتُعْلِيَيُسْتَعْلَىمُسْتَعْلًىلِيُسْتَعْلَلَا تُسْتَعْلَ
الاستعانة — معروفاِسْتَعَانَيَسْتَعِينُمُسْتَعِينٌاِسْتَعِنْلَا تَسْتَعِنْ
الاستعانة — مجہولاُسْتُعِينَيُسْتَعَانُمُسْتَعَانٌلِيُسْتَعَنْلَا تُسْتَعَنْ

اِسْتَعْلَى → يَسْتَعْلِي = rose above → rises above; اِسْتَعَانَ → يَسْتَعِينُ = sought help → seeks help. The former is final-weak, the latter hollow. مُسْتَعِينٌ / مُسْتَعَانٌ distinguish agent and passive sense.

15. Istifʿāl: Istimdād and Doubling

Istifʿāl: Istimdād and Doubling

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الاستمداد — معروفاِسْتَمَدَّيَسْتَمِدُّمُسْتَمِدٌّاِسْتَمِدَّلَا تَسْتَمِدَّ
الاستمداد — مجہولاُسْتُمِدَّيُسْتَمَدُّمُسْتَمَدٌّلِيُسْتَمَدَّلَا تُسْتَمَدَّ

اِسْتَمَدَّ → يَسْتَمِدُّ = sought assistance → seeks assistance. مُسْتَمِدٌّ names the seeker, while مُسْتَمَدٌّ is the corresponding passive derivative. Doubling is central.

16. Infiʿāl: Yielding, Joining and Withdrawal

Infiʿāl: Yielding, Joining and Withdrawal

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الانقياداِنْقَادَيَنْقَادُمُنْقَادٌاِنْقَدْلَا تَنْقَدْ
الانضماماِنْضَمَّيَنْضَمُّمُنْضَمٌّاِنْضَمَّلَا تَنْضَمَّ
الانزواءاِنْزَوَىيَنْزَوِيمُنْزَوٍاِنْزَوِلَا تَنْزَوِ

اِنْقَادَ، اِنْضَمَّ، اِنْزَوَى show three different radical environments: hollow, doubled and final-weak. Sharing the same augmented pattern does not make their actual surface changes identical.

17. Ifʿāl: Assistance, Casting and Stopping

Ifʿāl: Assistance, Casting and Stopping

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الإعانة — معروفأَعَانَيُعِينُمُعِينٌأَعِنْلَا تُعِنْ
الإعانة — مجہولأُعِينَيُعَانُمُعَانٌلِيُعَنْلَا تُعَنْ
الإلقاء — معروفأَلْقَىيُلْقِيمُلْقٍأَلْقِلَا تُلْقِ
الإلقاء — مجہولأُلْقِيَيُلْقَىمُلْقًىلِيُلْقَلَا تُلْقَ
الإيقاف — معروفأَوْقَفَيُوقِفُمُوقِفٌأَوْقِفْلَا تُوقِفْ
الإيقاف — مجہولأُوقِفَيُوقَفُمُوقَفٌلِيُوقَفْلَا تُوقَفْ

أَعَانَ is hollow; أَلْقَى is final-weak; أَوْقَفَ retains an initial weak radical in this augmented form. Read each active/passive pair, especially the participle and the lām-imperative.

18. Ifʿāl: Showing and Believing

Ifʿāl: Showing and Believing

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الإراءة — معروفأَرَىيُرِيمُرٍأَرِلَا تُرِ
الإراءة — مجہولأُرِيَيُرَىمُرًىلِيُرَلَا تُرَ
الإيمان — معروفآمَنَيُؤْمِنُمُؤْمِنٌآمِنْلَا تُؤْمِنْ
الإيمان — مجہولأُومِنَيُؤْمَنُمُؤْمَنٌلِيُؤْمَنْلَا تُؤْمَنْ

أَرَى → يُرِي = showed → shows; آمَنَ → يُؤْمِنُ = believed → believes. The former has extensive reduction; the latter features hamzah adjustments. Do not infer radicals from spelling alone.

19. Ifʿāl: Giving and Loving

Ifʿāl: Giving and Loving

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الإيتاء — معروفآتَىيُؤْتِيمُؤْتٍآتِلَا تُؤْتِ
الإيتاء — مجہولأُوتِيَيُؤْتَىمُؤْتًىلِيُؤْتَلَا تُؤْتَ
الإحباب — معروفأَحَبَّيُحِبُّمُحِبٌّأَحِبَّلَا تُحِبَّ
الإحباب — مجہولأُحِبَّيُحَبُّمُحَبٌّلِيُحَبَّلَا تُحَبَّ

آتَى → يُؤْتِي = gave → gives; أَحَبَّ → يُحِبُّ = loved → loves. The first combines hamzah and final-weak effects, the second focuses on doubling.

20. Tafʿīl: Naming and the Final Weak Radical

Tafʿīl: Naming and the Final Weak Radical

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
التسمية — معروفسَمَّىيُسَمِّيمُسَمٍّسَمِّلَا تُسَمِّ
التسمية — مجہولسُمِّيَيُسَمَّىمُسَمًّىلِيُسَمَّلَا تُسَمَّ

سَمَّى → يُسَمِّي → سَمِّ = named → names → name! Compare مُسَمٍّ (one who names) and مُسَمًّى (one who is named).

21. Tafaʿʿul: Tawaffī and Final Weakness

Tafaʿʿul: Tawaffī and Final Weakness

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
التوفّي — معروفتَوَفَّىيَتَوَفَّىمُتَوَفٍّتَوَفَّلَا تَتَوَفَّ
التوفّي — مجہولتُوُفِّيَيُتَوَفَّىمُتَوَفًّىلِيُتَوَفَّلَا تُتَوَفَّ

تَوَفَّى → يَتَوَفَّى = took fully / received in full → takes fully. The passive row includes تُوُفِّيَ and مُتَوَفًّى. Distinguish agent from patient despite their similar-looking spelling.

22. Tafāʿul: Equality and Mutual Love

Tafāʿul: Equality and Mutual Love

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
التساوي — معروفتَسَاوَىيَتَسَاوَىمُتَسَاوٍتَسَاوَلَا تَتَسَاوَ
التساوي — مجہولتُسُووِيَيُتَسَاوَىمُتَسَاوًىلِيُتَسَاوَلَا تُتَسَاوَ
التحابّتَحَابَّيَتَحَابُّمُتَحَابٌّتَحَابَّلَا تَتَحَابَّ

تَسَاوَى → يَتَسَاوَى = became equal → becomes equal; تَحَابَّ → يَتَحَابُّ = showed mutual affection → shows mutual affection. Final-weak and doubled patterns should not be confused.

23. Mufāʿala: Meeting and Mutual Favor

Mufāʿala: Meeting and Mutual Favor

نوع / بابPastPresentParticipleCommand / lāmProhibition
الملاقاة — معروفلَاقَىيُلَاقِيمُلَاقٍلَاقِلَا تُلَاقِ
الملاقاة — مجہوللُوقِيَيُلَاقَىمُلَاقًىلِيُلَاقَلَا تُلَاقَ
المحابّة — معروفحَابَّيُحَابُّمُحَابٌّحَابَّلَا تُحَابَّ
المحابّة — مجہولحُوبَّيُحَابُّمُحَابٌّلِيُحَابَّلَا تُحَابَّ

لَاقَى → يُلَاقِي = met → meets; حَابَّ → يُحَابُّ = favored/showed affection → favors/shows affection. The first is final-weak; the second is doubled. The source records active and passive rows separately.

24. Comparison: One-Letter Versus Longer Imperatives

The chart demonstrates that imperative length differs according to the root and applicable reductions.

PastPresentCommandType
وَقَىيَقِيقِSeparated double-weak
رَأَىيَرَىرَHamzah and weak radical
وَلِيَيَلِيلِSeparated double-weak
بَاعَيَبِيعُبِعْHollow yāʾ
أَلْقَىيُلْقِيأَلْقِFinal-weak yāʾ

One-letter commands such as قِ، رَ، لِ reflect established patterns of reduction, not arbitrary spelling.

25. Synthesis: Chapter, Root and Surface Form

Identify the chapter first, then the radicals, then the active/passive forms and participles, and finally the imperative/prohibition changes.
وَعَدَ → يَعِدُ → عِدْ
Translation: Promised → promises → promise!
اِسْتَعَانَ → يَسْتَعِينُ → اِسْتَعِنْ
Translation: Sought help → seeks help → seek help!
This completes the book’s weak-verb chart and Part Three of ʿIlm al-Ṣarf. The next printed page (76) starts Part Four, covering noun measures.