جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَأَحْمَدُ — Zayd and Aḥmad came.
زَيْدٌ: nominative subject with tanwīn. أَحْمَدُ: coordinated nominative noun, without tanwīn.
مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ وَأَحْمَدَ — I passed by Zayd and Aḥmad.
زَيْدٍ: genitive with kasra and tanwīn. أَحْمَدَ: coordinated genitive, marked with fatḥa.
The noun class—not simply the shared proper-name status—explains the different endings.
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Definiteness and Proper-Name Status in Diptote Rules
جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَأَحْمَدُ — Zayd and Aḥmad came.
زَيْدٌ: nominative subject with tanwīn. أَحْمَدُ: coordinated nominative noun, without tanwīn.
مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ وَأَحْمَدَ — I passed by Zayd and Aḥmad.
زَيْدٍ: genitive with kasra and tanwīn. أَحْمَدَ: coordinated genitive, marked with fatḥa.
The noun class—not simply the shared proper-name status—explains the different endings.