Derived Trilateral (with Hamzah) - Bab 1: Ifti'aal (Ijtinab)

Read the bilingual lesson for Derived Trilateral (with Hamzah) - Bab 1: Ifti'aal (Ijtinab) and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Bab Ifti'aal

Bab Ifti'aal is the first derived triliteral door in this section that begins with Hamzat-ul-Wasl.
Its basic pattern is اِفْتَعَلَ.
Two added elements are visible in the pattern: an initial Hamzat-ul-Wasl and a ت after the first root letter.

2. Root Letters and Added Letters

In اِجْتَنَبَ, separate the root from the additions.

LettersType
ج، ن، بOriginal root letters
اِ، تAdded letters

So the root is ج-ن-ب, while the pattern adds Hamzat-ul-Wasl at the beginning and ت after the first root letter.

3. Complete Sarf-e-Sagheer

Recite the complete Sarf-e-Sagheer together:
اِجْتَنَبَ يَجْتَنِبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنِبٌ وَاُجْتُنِبَ يُجْتَنَبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنَبٌ الأَمْرُ مِنْهُ اِجْتَنِبْ وَالنَّهْيُ عَنْهُ لَا تَجْتَنِبْ
This single line contains the active forms, passive forms, Ism Fa'il, Ism Maf'ool, imperative, and prohibitive.

4. Active and Passive Blocks

Now split the complete line into two main blocks.
1. Active: اِجْتَنَبَ يَجْتَنِبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنِبٌ.
2. Passive: اُجْتُنِبَ يُجْتَنَبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنَبٌ.
The verbal noun is اِجْتِنَابٌ, meaning to avoid or abstain.

5. Ism Fa'il and Ism Maf'ool

The two participles look very similar, so compare them directly.

MeaningForm
one who avoidsمُجْتَنِبٌ
that which is avoidedمُجْتَنَبٌ

The visible difference is in the middle vowel: مُجْتَنِبٌ is active, while مُجْتَنَبٌ is passive.

6. Command and Prohibition

The final two slots in the source-supported Sarf-e-Sagheer are command and prohibition.

FormCategory
اِجْتَنِبْImperative
لَا تَجْتَنِبْProhibitive

Meaning: avoid / do not avoid.

7. A Simple Map of the Level

Remember these points:
1. Bab Ifti'aal follows the pattern اِفْتَعَلَ.
2. In اِجْتَنَبَ, the root letters are ج، ن، ب.
3. The added elements are initial Hamzat-ul-Wasl and ت after the first root letter.
4. The Masdar is اِجْتِنَابٌ, meaning to avoid or abstain.
5. مُجْتَنِبٌ is Ism Fa'il; مُجْتَنَبٌ is Ism Maf'ool.
6. Command/prohibition are اِجْتَنِبْ / لَا تَجْتَنِبْ.
7. The complete Sarf-e-Sagheer is given together on its own slide for recitation.

Practice questions

Question 1: Choose the correct answer

What is the basic pattern of Bab Ifti'aal?

اِفْتَعَلَ
اَفْعَلَ
تَفَعَّلَ
اِسْتَفْعَلَ

Question 2: Choose the correct answer

Which are the original root letters of اِجْتَنَبَ?

ج، ن، ب
ا، ج، ت
ت، ن، ب
ج، ت، ب

Question 3: Choose the correct answer

Which added elements create the Ifti'aal pattern in اِجْتَنَبَ?

Initial Hamzat-ul-Wasl and ت after the first root letter
Initial م and و after the second root letter
س and ت at the beginning
No added letters

Question 4: Choose the correct answer

What does اِجْتِنَابٌ mean in this lesson?

To avoid or abstain
To help
To hear
To open

Question 5: Match the correct pairs

Match each form to its correct category.

Question 6: Choose the correct answer

Which form is the active Mudhaari'?

يَجْتَنِبُ
يُجْتَنَبُ
اِجْتَنِبْ
مُجْتَنَبٌ

Question 7: Choose the correct answer

Which form is the passive Mudhaari'?

يُجْتَنَبُ
يَجْتَنِبُ
اُجْتُنِبَ
اِجْتَنِبْ

Question 8: Sort into the correct groups

Sort the forms into command and prohibition.

Question 9: Choose the correct answer

Which statement correctly distinguishes مُجْتَنِبٌ and مُجْتَنَبٌ?

The first is Ism Fa'il; the second is Ism Maf'ool
Both are active participles
Both are passive participles
The first is imperative; the second is prohibitive

Question 10: Choose the correct answer

Which sequence best summarizes the Sarf-e-Sagheer taught in this level?

Active → passive → participles → command/prohibition
Only command forms
Dharf → instruments → comparative
Only Masdar meanings

Open the interactive quiz