Derived Trilateral (with Hamzah) - Bab 1: Ifti'aal (Ijtinab)

Read the bilingual lesson for Derived Trilateral (with Hamzah) - Bab 1: Ifti'aal (Ijtinab) and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Introduction to Bab Ifti'aal (افتعال)

◦ Bab Ifti'aal (افتعال): The first derived trilateral door beginning with Hamzat-ul-Wasl. ◦ Structural Signature: It is formed by adding an اِـ (Hamzat-ul-Wasl with Kasrah) at the beginning, and inserting a تَـ after the first root letter (اِفْتَعَلَ). ◦ Verbal Noun (مصدر): اِجْتِنَابٌ (Meaning: to avoid or abstain).

2. Complete Sarf Sagheer of اِجْتَنَبَ

اِجْتَنَبَ يَجْتَنِبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنِبٌ وَاُجْتُنِبَ يُجْتَنَبُ اِجْتِنَابًا فَهُوَ مُجْتَنَبٌ الأَمْرُ مِنْهُ اِجْتَنِبْ وَالنَّهْيُ عَنْهُ لَا تَجْتَنِبْ ◦ Recite the complete Sarf Sagheer of this derived verb: ◦ Active Past/Present: اِجْتَنَبَ يَجْتَنِبُ (He avoided / avoids) ◦ Active Participle: مُجْتَنِبٌ (The avoiding one / ends in Tanween) ◦ Passive Past/Present: اُجْتُنِبَ يُجْتَنَبُ ◦ Passive Participle: مُجْتَنَبٌ (The avoided thing) ◦ Imperative: اِجْتَنِبْ | Prohibitive: لَا تَجْتَنِبْ.

3. Identification of Extra Letters (حروفِ زائدہ)

◦ To parse any derived verb, we must identify the core root letters vs. the extra letters: ◦ In the verb اِجْتَنَبَ: ◦ Core Root Letters (حروفِ اصلی): ج, ن, ب (from root جَنَبَ - side). ◦ Extra Letters (حروفِ زائدہ): Prefix اِ (Hamzah) and post-Fa ت (Taa). ◦ Recognizing these additions helps identify derived verb doors.

Practice questions

Question 1: Choose the correct answer

What are the exact extra letters added to the root to construct the past active اِجْتَنَبَ?

  • Prefix Hamzah and post-Fa letter Taa
  • Prefix Meem and post-Ayn letter Waw
  • Prefix Seen and Taa
  • None of the letters are extra

Question 2: Match the correct pairs

Match each slot of the Sarf Sagheer of اِجْتَنَبَ to its correct morphological category.

Question 3: Choose the correct answer

What does the verbal noun "اِجْتِنَاب" translate to in the text?

  • پرہیز کردن (to avoid/abstain)
  • طلبِ یاری کردن
  • شکافتہ شدن
  • سرخ شدن

Question 4: Choose the correct answer

Select the correct Active Participle (Ism Fa'il) form of اِجْتَنَبَ from the table.

  • مُجْتَنِبٌ
  • مُجْتَنَبٌ
  • اِجْتَنَبَ

Question 5: Choose the correct answer

How do the active and passive participles (Ism Fa'il and Ism Maf'ool) of Bab Ifti'aal structurally differ?

  • Active has Kasrah on the middle letter (مُجْتَنِبٌ), and Passive has Fathah (مُجْتَنَبٌ)
  • Active has Dhummah, Passive has Kasrah
  • They are identical in vowels
  • Active has no Meem prefix

Question 6: Sort into the correct groups

Sort these verbs into Imperative (امر) and Prohibitive (نہی) categories under Bab Ifti'aal.

Question 7: Choose the correct answer

What are the core root letters (حروفِ اصلی) of the verb اِجْتَنَبَ?

  • ج, ن, ب (from root ج-ن-ب)
  • ا, ج, ت
  • ت, ن, ب
  • ج, ت, ب

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