Taʿdiyah extends the action to an object: an intransitive verb may become transitive, or an already transitive verb may gain another object.
حَفَرْتُ نَهْرًا
Translation: I dug a canal.
أَحْفَرْتُ زَيْدًا نَهْرًا
Translation: I made Zayd dig a canal.
In the first example, the speaker performs the digging. In the second, the speaker causes Zayd to do it, while the canal remains what is dug. The additional participant is crucial.
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Property 1: Making a Verb Transitive
Fifteen Semantic Properties of Form IV (Ifʿāl): From Causation to Responsiveness
Taʿdiyah extends the action to an object: an intransitive verb may become transitive, or an already transitive verb may gain another object.
حَفَرْتُ نَهْرًا
Translation: I dug a canal.
أَحْفَرْتُ زَيْدًا نَهْرًا
Translation: I made Zayd dig a canal.
In the first example, the speaker performs the digging. In the second, the speaker causes Zayd to do it, while the canal remains what is dug. The additional participant is crucial.