Count the participants in the action as well as recognizing the pattern.
Source expressionFunctionEffect
حَفَرْتُ نَهْرًاDiggingOne object
أَحْفَرْتُ زَيْدًا نَهْرًاCausing Zayd to digAn additional participant
عَلِمْتُ زَيْدًا فَاضِلًاKnowing someone to be learnedTwo complements
أَعْلَمْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا فَاضِلًاInforming Zayd about ʿAmrAdds the recipient of information
The distinction between causation and communication illustrates how taʿdiyah works.
Opening interactive controls...
Fifteen Semantic Properties of Form IV (Ifʿāl): From Causation to Responsiveness
Count the participants in the action as well as recognizing the pattern.
Source expressionFunctionEffect
حَفَرْتُ نَهْرًاDiggingOne object
أَحْفَرْتُ زَيْدًا نَهْرًاCausing Zayd to digAn additional participant
عَلِمْتُ زَيْدًا فَاضِلًاKnowing someone to be learnedTwo complements
أَعْلَمْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا فَاضِلًاInforming Zayd about ʿAmrAdds the recipient of information
The distinction between causation and communication illustrates how taʿdiyah works.