The base past-tense form you are seeing here represents واحد مذکر غائب.
TermMeaning
واحدone
مذکرmasculine
غائبthe person being spoken about — “he”
So ضَرَبَ means “he hit,” سَمِعَ means “he heard,” and كَرُمَ means “he became noble.”
What you should know now: recognize ماضی, identify فاء/عین/لام کلمہ, and distinguish فَعَلَ، فَعِلَ، فَعُلَ.
That is enough for this level. The full conjugation will come step-by-step.