Pattern 1: visible vowels. Pattern 2: nūn retained or omitted. Pattern 3: weak-final yāʾ/wāw, estimated ḍamma, visible fatḥa, dropping the final letter for jazm. Pattern 4: final alif, both vowels estimated, letter dropped for jazm.
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Preview of the Four Categories
Four Patterns of Imperfect Mood Marking
Pattern 1: visible vowels. Pattern 2: nūn retained or omitted. Pattern 3: weak-final yāʾ/wāw, estimated ḍamma, visible fatḥa, dropping the final letter for jazm. Pattern 4: final alif, both vowels estimated, letter dropped for jazm.